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Canada
is a name derived from the term "Kanata",
which in the primitive language Huron-Iroquoian
mean "village" or
"settlement."
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One
thinks that the vikings reached the Atlantic Coast
of Canada centuries before
English sailor John Cabott arrive in Canada 1497, who stepped on
Newfoundland for the first time.
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The first
colonized area was called the New France, that
is today the province of Québc.
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1.
Alberta
Capital:
Edmonton
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2.
British Columbia
Capital:
Victoria
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3.
Manitoba
Capital:
Winnipeg
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4.
New Brunswick
Capital:
Fredericton
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5.
New Foundland
Capital:
St. John's
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6.
Nova Scotia
Capital:
Halifax
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7.
Ontario
Capital:
Toronto
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8.
Prince Edward Island
Capital:
Charlottetown
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9.
Quebec
Capital:
Québec
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10.
Saskatchewan
Capital:
Regina
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11.
North West Territory
Capital:
YellowKnife
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12.
Nunavut
Capital:
Iqaliut
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13.
Yukon
Capital:
White Horse
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Toronto |
Ontario |
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It has a rectangle divided in three vertical strips with a maple
leaf in the center. The colour of the maple leaf
was changed from green to red, one of Canada's official
colours. On February 15, 1965, the red maple leaf flag was
inaugurated as the National Flag of Canada.
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The
leaf means the commitment between the English and French flag.
(Well-known like "Jack Union" that represents the
three crossings of the patrons Saints of England, Ireland and
Scotland (it is possible to indicate that is not the National
Shield of Canada but was taken like emblem of the flag).
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The four superior rectangles represent England, Scotland,
Ireland and France. The three Canadian maple leaves represent
the
Canadian natives, and their origins. The strip around the
shield has the motto: Order of Canada "Desiderantes
Meiorem Patriam" ("They desire a better
country"). The crest represents the sovereignty and
symbol of governor General of Canada. The lion is a symbol of valour
and courage. The figures that stand on either side of the
shield are known in heraldry as "supporters". The
lion represents England and unicorn represents France. On top is the
imperial crown which is indicative of the presence of a
monarch as Canada's Head of State.
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| Official name: |
Canada |
Capital: |
Ottawa |
| Language: |
English, French
(officials) |
Currency: |
Canadian dollar |
| Political Division: |
10 provinces and 3
territories |
Population: |
32,078,819 (2004) |
| Area by km²: |
9,970.610 |
Coasts in km: |
243,791 |
| Holiday days: |
1.
January 1
2.
Good Friday
3.
Last Monday of May
4.
July 1
5.
The August first Monday
6.
First Monday of September
7.
Second Monday of October
8.
December 25
9.
December 26 |
New
Year's Day
Good
Friday
Victoria
Day
Canada
Day
Civic
Day
Labour
Day
Thanksgiving
Day
Christmas
Boxing
Day |
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| Ports: |
Becancour
(Québec) Churchil, Halifax, Hamilton, Montreal, New
Westminster, Prince Rupert, Québec, Saint John (New
Brunswick), St. John's (Newfoundland), Sept Isles, Sydney,
Trois-Rivieres, Thunder Bay, Toronto, Vancouver, Windsor.
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| Hydrographic: |
The
lakes and the rivers abound. Between first they appear some of
greatest of the world like the Superior, Huron, Erie, Ontario,
Winnipeg, of the Bear and the Slave. Many rivers are of fast
course, like San Lorenzo, Mackenzie, Yukon and Columbia. The
Bay of the Hudson is an enormous inner sea.
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| Climate: |
It
is varied where the four stations of the year appear: spring,
summer, autumn and winter. With a maximum average, in summer
of 35 centrigrade degrees and minimum of 35 centrigrade
degrees below cero.
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| Natural resources: |
Nickel,
zinc, copper, gold, lead, silver, fish, wood, coal, petroleum,
natural gas, iron, hydroelectric energy, etc.
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| Industry: |
Equpment
of transport, electrical products, foods, chemistries,
products of paper, metallic products, wood products, plastic,
rubber products, machinery, articles to dress, textiles,
furniture, etc.
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| Agriculture: |
Flour
of wheat and other cereals, corn, potatoes, oats, soya,
tomatoes, carrots, onions, cabbage, peas, aples.
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| Cattle ranch: |
Bovine, pigs,
birds, horses.
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| Geographic: |
Canada is bordered on the north by the Artic Ocean, on the
northwest, by the Bay of Baffin and the Straits of Davis
wich separates it from
Greenland; on the east, by the Atlantic Ocean; on the south by the United States;
on the west, by the Pacific Ocean and
Alaska. Canada is the most extensive country of the American
Continent. Numerous islands belong to Canada, like
Baffin, Ellesmere, Victoria, Banks, Devon, Melville, Sverdrup,
Principe of Wales and Somerset. In the Arctic: Southampton. In
the Bay of the Hudson: Newfoundland. In the Atlantic: Cabo
Breton, Anticosti and Principe Edward. In the Gulf of San
Lorenzo: Principe Patrick. In the sea of Beaufort: Vancouver
and Queen Carlota, in the Pacific.
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| History: |
John
Cabott in 1497 stepped on Newfoundland for the first time. The
French Jacques Carrier in his trips made between years 1534 to
1543 explored and colonized in name of the king of France the
part of the earth that surround to the river San Lorenzo. The
first colonized land was called the New France, that is today
the province of Québec. The Jesuits arrived in the
west, which today is Saul St. Marie. and by the east they
founded the Ville-Marie (Montreal). In 1670 they founded Real Company
of the Bay of the Hudson, that includes what today
they are the of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta
and the territories of the northwest. In 1791 Québec was
divided in two provinces: the high-to west, which today is Ontario,
and under-to west, present province of Québece. In 1867 it
was united Ontario and Québec with New Scotia and New
Brunswick. In 1870 Manitoba was united. Columbia Britannica
adheres 1871. The island of the Principe Edward in 1873. The
provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta in 1905. The Artics
islands are united to the province of of
Newfoundland and Labrador in 1880 and 1949.
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ALEXANDER
GRAHAM BELL. He was born on March 3, 1847 in Edimburgo,
Scotland. He died on August 2, 1922 in Nova Scotia, Canada. In
1874 expose his theories in the subject. At the age of 29
years he invented his own telephone. It received one patents
for the telephone in March 7, 1876. In 1877 he formed the
Telephones Bell Company.
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FREDERIC
GRANT BANTING. He was born on November 19, 1891 in Ontario,
Canada. He died on February 21, 1941.
It
was granted to Frederick and John The Nobel Prize in
Physiologic or Medicine 1923, "for the
discovery of insulin."
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JOHN JAMES
RICHARD MACLEOD. He was born on September 6, 1876 in
Scotland (nationalized canadian). He died on March 16,
1935.
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LESTER
BOWLES PEARSON. he was born on April 23, 1897 in Toronto,
Canada. He died on December 27, 1972. The Nobel Peace
Prize 1957, was granted to him.
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GERHARD
HERZBERG. He was born on December 25, 1904 in Hamburg,
Germany (nationalized canadian). He died on March 3, 1999.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1970 was granted to
him, "for his contributions to he knowledge of
electronic structure and geometry of molecules,
particularly free radicals."
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JOHN
CHARLES POLANYI. He was born in 1929 in Berlin, Germany
(nationalized canadian). The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1986 was granted to him, "for his contributions
concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary
processes." He shared it with Dudley R. Herschbach
(USA) and Yuan T. Lee (USA).
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SYDNEY
ALTMAN. He was born in Montreal, Canada in 1939. The
Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1989 was granted to him,
"for his discovery of catalytic properties of
RNA." He shared it with Thomas R. Cech (USA).
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RICHARD
E. TAYLOR. He was born on November 2, 1929 in Alberta,
Canada. The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990 was granted to
him, "for his pioneering investigations
concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on
protons and bound neutrons, which have of essential
importance for the development of the quark model in
particle physics." He shared it with Jerome I.
Friedman (USA) and Henry W. Kendall (USA).
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MICHAEL
SMITH. He was born on April 26, 1932 in Blackpoll, England
(nationalized canadian). He died on October 4, 2000. The
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993 was granted to him,
"for the contribution to the developments of methods
within DNA-based chemistry." He shared it with Kary
B. Mullis (USA).
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BERTHAM
N. BROCKHOUSE. He was born on July 15, 1918 in Alberta,
Canada. He died on October 13, 2003. The Nobel Prize in
Physics 1994 was granted to him, "for the
development of neutron spectroscopy." He shared it
with Flifford G. Shull (USA).
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PUGWASH
CONFERENCES ON SCIENCE AND WORLD AFFAIRS. Established in
1957 in Nova Scotia. Canadian Organization. The Nobel
Peace Prize 1995 was granted to them, "for their
efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in
international politics and, in the longer run, to
eliminate such arms. They shared it with Joseph Rotblat
(United Kingdom).
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ROBERT
A. MUNDELL. He was born in 1932 in Canada. The Nobel
Prize in Economy 1999 was granted to him, "for
his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different
exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency
areas."
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THE
TREE MAPLE. Maple wood, with varies in hardness, toughness and
other properties, is in demand for flooring, furniture,
interior woodwork, veneer, small woodenware, is also highly
prized in furniture building and cabinet-making. Of the 150
known species of maple (genus Acer) only 13 are native of
North America. Ten of these grow in Canada. Sugar, black,
silver, bigleaf, red, mountain, striped, Douglas, vine and the
Manitoba. With the exception of four species, native maples
are larges trees. At least one of the ten species grows
naturally in every province. For the variety of trees types of
this species, in autumm offers wonderful landscapes of
different colors in all Canada. The maple tree was officially
proclaimed national tree emblem of Canada on April 25, 1996.
It was published in the Canada Gazette on May 15, 1996.
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GOOSE.
Canada's goose also it is knowed "honker" due to the
noise that the bird does, similar to a sound touching the
horn. They call to goose male "gander". To goose
female "goose" and to the small goose
"goslings."
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John A
Macdonald
1867-1873 |
Alexander
Mackenzie
1873-1878 |
John A
Macdonald
1878-1891 |
John Abbott
1891-1892 |
John Thompson
1892-1894 |
Mackenzie
Bowell
1894-1896 |
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Charles
Tupper
1896-1896 |
Wilfrid
Laurier
1896-1811 |
Robert Borden
1911-1920 |
Arthur
Meighen
1920-1921 |
William
Mackenzie
1921-1926 |
Arthur
Meighen
1926-1926 |
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William
Mackenzie
1926-1930 |
Richard B.
Bennett
1930-1935 |
William
Mackenzie
1935-1948 |
Louis St.
Laurent
1948-1957 |
John
Diefenbaker
1957-1963 |
Lester
Pearson
1963-1968 |
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Pierre
Trudeau
1968-1979 |
Joe Clark
1979-1980 |
Pierre
Trudeau
1980-1984 |
John Turner
1984-1984 |
Brian
Mulroney
1984-1993 |
Kim Campbell
1993-1993 |
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Jean Chretien
1993-2003 |
Paul Martin
2003-2004 |
Paul Martin
2004-2006 |
Stephen
Harper
2006-2008 |
Stephen
Harper
2008-present |
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